Rose is a wonderful oil to use in facial skin care. Especially suitable for Dry/Mature skin. The Rose Otto in this product is 100% pure and natural. For your convenience, it has been diluted to 3% in Jojoba Oil, a wonderfully light moisturising oil. Approved by the Soil Association. Method of Extraction: The oil is steam distilled from the fresh petals. Main Therapeutic Properties: Calmative, Neurotonic, Uterine Tonic, Aphrodisiac, Tonic for the Heart, Liver, Stomach, Uterus. Contraindications: Non toxic and non irritant in prescribed doses. Did you know: Rose was called 'the queen of the flowers' by the Greek poet Sappho. It was also probably the first flower from which an essential oil was ever distilled, in 10thC Persia. Oil Apperance: Dark Yellow to Amber. Chakra: Heart. Chinese Element: Fire. The Damask Rose is a bushy shrub with a hight and spread of up to 2 meters. It has green foliage and double flowers which are pink in bud and fade to almost white and are rich in fragrance. It is extremely difficult to extract oil from the petals of the Rose. The two main ways are: solvent extraction of a concrete which is then produced into an absolute, or distillation, to produce an essential oil. Production of an absolute gives a better yield, but distillation gives a much finer fragrance. Rose Otto ("Otto" comes from the Ottoman Empire) is the distilled oil, produced by water or steam distillation from very fresh petals. The fragility of the petals necessitates great skill in production. Absolute Aromas has selected this Rose Otto for its purity and quality. Cultivation of Rosa Damascena was dominated by Bulgaria under the Ottoman Empire. When the Empire came to an end after WWI, many ethnic Turks from Bulgaria set up production of the oil in the Isparta region of Turkey. Production of the Otto is still concentrated in these 2 regions.